E-notation Scientific notation

a calculator display showing avogadro constant in e-notation

most calculators , many computer programs present large , small results in scientific notation, typically invoked key labelled exp (for exponent), eex (for enter exponent), ee, ex, e, or ×10 depending on vendor , model. because superscripted exponents 10 cannot conveniently displayed, letter e (or e) used represent times ten raised power of (which written × 10 ) , followed value of exponent; in other words, 2 real numbers m , n, usage of men indicate value of m × 10. in usage character e not related mathematical constant e or exponential function e (a confusion unlikely if scientific notation represented capital e). although e stands exponent, notation referred (scientific) e-notation rather (scientific) exponential notation. use of e-notation facilitates data entry , readability in textual communication since minimizes keystrokes, avoids reduced font sizes , provides simpler , more concise display, not encouraged in publications.

examples , other notations

in popular programming languages, 6.022e23 (or 6.022e23) equivalent 7023602200000000000♠6.022×10, , 6965160000000000000♠1.6×10 written 1.6e-35 (e.g. ada, analytica, c/c++, fortran (since fortran ii of 1958), matlab, scilab, perl, java, python, lua, javascript, , others).
after introduction of first pocket calculators supporting scientific notation in 1972 (hp-35, sr-10) term decapower used in emerging user communities power-of-ten multiplier in order better distinguish normal exponents. likewise, letter d used in typewritten numbers. notation proposed jim davidson , published in january 1976 issue of richard j. nelson s hewlett-packard newsletter 65 notes hp-65 users, , adopted , carried on texas instruments community richard c. vanderburgh, editor of 52-notes newsletter sr-52 users in november 1976.
fortran (at least since fortran iv of 1961) uses d signify double precision numbers.
similar, d used sharp pocket computers pc-1280, pc-1470u, pc-1475, pc-1480u, pc-1490u, pc-1490uii, pc-e500, pc-e500s, pc-e550, pc-e650 , pc-u6000 indicate 20-digit double-precision numbers in basic between 1987 , 1995.
the algol 60 (1960) programming language uses subscript ten 10 character instead of letter e, example: 6.0221023.
the use of 10 in various algol standards provided challenge on computer systems did not provide such 10 character. consequence stanford university algol-w required use of single quote, e.g. 6.02486 +23, , soviet algol variants allowed use of cyrillic character ю character, e.g. 6.022ю+23.
subsequently algol 68 programming language provided choice of 4 characters: e, e, \, or 10. examples: 6.022e23, 6.022e23, 6.022\23 or 6.0221023.



decimal exponent symbol part of unicode standard, e.g. 6.022⏨23. included u+23e8 ⏨ decimal exponent symbol accommodate usage in programming languages algol 60 , algol 68.
the ti-83 series , ti-84 plus series of calculators use stylized e character display decimal exponent , 10 character denote equivalent ×10^ operator.
the simula programming language requires use of & (or && long), example: 6.022&23 (or 6.022&&23).
the wolfram language (utilized in mathematica) allows shorthand notation of 6.022*^23.




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