Clinical significance Proximal tubule

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immunohistochemical staining of convoluted tubules , glomeruli cd10.


proximal tubular epithelial cells (ptecs) have pivotal role in kidney disease. 2 mammalian cell lines commonly used models of proximal tubule: porcine llc-pk1 cells , marsupial ok cells.


cancer

most renal cell carcinoma, common form of kidney cancer, arises convoluted tubules.


other

acute tubular necrosis occurs when ptecs directly damaged toxins such antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin), pigments (e.g., myoglobin) , sepsis (e.g., mediated lipopolysaccharide gram-negative bacteria). renal tubular acidosis (proximal type) (fanconi syndrome) occurs when ptecs unable reabsorb glomerular filtrate there increased loss of bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, , phosphate.


ptecs participate in progression of tubulointerstitial injury due glomerulonephritis, ischemia, interstitial nephritis, vascular injury, , diabetic nephropathy. in these situations, ptecs may directly affected protein (e.g., proteinuria in glomerulonephritis), glucose (in diabetes mellitus), or cytokines (e.g., interferon-γ , tumor necrosis factors). there several ways in ptecs may respond: producing cytokines, chemokines, , collagen; undergoing epithelial mesenchymal trans-differentiation; necrosis or apoptosis.








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