Treaty of Sevres Occupation of Constantinople

the newly elected ottoman parliament in constantinople did not recognize occupation; developed national pact (misak-ı milli). adapted 6 principles; called self-determination, security of constantinople, , opening of straits, abolishment of capitulations. while in constantinople, self-determination , protection of ottoman empire voiced, khilafat movement in india try influence british government protect caliphate of ottoman empire , although muslim religious movement, khilafat struggle becoming part of wider indian independence movement. both these 2 movements (misak-ı milli , khilafat movement) on ideological level share lot of notions, during conference of london (february 1920) allies concentrated on these issues.

the ottoman empire lost world war i, misak-ı milli local khilafat movement in still fighting allies.

solidification of partitioning, february 1920

the plans partitioning of ottoman empire needed solidified. @ conference of london on march 4, 1920, triple entente decided implement previous (secret) agreements , form treaty of sèvres. in doing so, forms of resistance originating ottoman empire (rebellions, sultan, etc.) had dismantled. allies military forces in constantinople ordered take necessary actions; political side increased efforts put treaty of sèvres] in writing.

on political side, negotiations treaty of sèvres presumed greek (christian administration), french-armenian (christian administration), italian occupation region (christian administration) , wilsonian armenia (christian administration) on ottoman empire (muslim administration). muslim citizens of ottoman empire perceived plan losing sovereignty. british intelligence registered turkish national movement movement of muslim citizens of anatolia. muslim unrest around anatolia brought 2 arguments british government regarding new establishments: muslim administration (ottoman empire) not safe christians; treaty of sèvres way christians safe. enforcing treaty of sèvres not happen without repressing mustafa kemal s (turkish revolutionaries) national movement.

on military side british claimed if allies not control anatolia @ time, @ least control constantinople. plan step step beginning İstanbul dismantle every organization , move deep anatolia. meant facing called turkish war of independence. british foreign department asked devise plan ease path. british foreign department developed same plan used during arab revolt. policy of breaking down authority separating sultan government, , working different millets against each other, such christian millet against muslim millet, best solution if minimal british force used.