Personal life Ferdinand I of Bulgaria

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wwi-era portrait of ferdinand i


ferdinand entered marriage of convenience princess marie louise of bourbon-parma, daughter of robert i, duke of parma , princess maria pia of bourbon-two sicilies, on 20 april 1893 @ villa pianore in lucca. marriage produced 4 children:



boris iii (1894–1943)
kyril (1895–1945)
eudoxia (1898–1985)
nadezhda (1899–1958).

marie louise died on 31 january 1899 after giving birth youngest daughter. ferdinand did not think again marriage until mother, princess clémentine died in 1907. satisfy dynastic obligations , provide children mother figure, ferdinand married eleonore reuss of köstritz, on 28 february 1908. neither romantic love or physical attraction played role, , ferdinand treated no more member of household, , showed scant regard.


in private relations, ferdinand hedonistic individual. bisexual throughout life, until middle age inclination more towards women. enjoyed affairs number of women of humble position, siring number of illegitimate children whom supported financially.


in later life, rumours abounded of ferdinand s trysts lieutenants , valets. regular holidays on capri, popular holiday destination wealthy gay men, common knowledge in royal courts throughout europe. in 1895 interview given embittered former prime minister, stefan stambolov frankfurter zeitung created nine-day scandal across europe, when focused on personal witness of ferdinand’s homosexual interests.








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