Forcing the peace treaty Occupation of Constantinople

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the treaty terms presented sultan in middle of june. treaty harsher expected. however, because of military pressure placed on insurgency april june 1920, allies did not expect there serious opposition.


in meantime, however, mustafa kemal had set rival government in ankara, grand national assembly. on october 18, government of damat ferid pasha replaced provisional ministry under ahmed tevfik pasha grand vizier, announced intention convoke senate purpose of ratification of treaty, provided national unity achieved. required seeking cooperation mustafa kemal. latter expressed disdain treaty , started military assault. result, turkish government issued note entente ratification of treaty impossible @ time.








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