The Crusade Sixth Crusade

1 crusade

1.1 stopover in cyprus
1.2 in kingdom of jerusalem
1.3 diplomatic agreement sultan al-kamil
1.4 in jerusalem

the crusade
stopover in cyprus

instead of heading straight holy land, frederick first sailed cyprus, had been imperial fiefdom since capture richard lionheart on way acre during third crusade. emperor arrived clear intent of stamping authority on kingdom, treated cordially native barons until dispute arose between him , constable of cyprus, john of ibelin. frederick claimed regency illegitimate , demanded surrender of john s mainland fief of beirut imperial throne. here erred, john pointed out kingdoms of cyprus , jerusalem constitutionally separate , not punished offences in cyprus seizure of beirut. have important consequences crusade, alienated powerful ibelin faction, turning them against emperor.

in kingdom of jerusalem

acre, nominal capital of kingdom of jerusalem , seat of latin patriarchate, split in support frederick. frederick s own army , teutonic knights supported him, patriarch gerald of lausanne (and clergy) followed hostile papal line. once news of frederick s excommunication had spread, public support him waned considerably. position of knights hospitaller , knights templar more complicated; though refused join emperor s army directly, supported crusade once frederick agreed have name removed official orders. native barons greeted frederick enthusiastically @ first, wary of emperor s history of centralization , desire impose imperial authority. largely due frederick s treatment of john of ibelin in cyprus, , apparent disdain constitutional concerns of barons.

diplomatic agreement sultan al-kamil

even military orders on board, frederick s force mere shadow of army had amassed when crusade had been called. realised hope of success in holy land negotiate surrender of jerusalem lacked manpower engage ayyubid empire in battle. frederick hoped token show of force, threatening march down coast, enough convince al-kamil, sultan of egypt, honor proposed agreement had been negotiated years earlier, prior death of al-muazzam, governor of damascus. egyptian sultan, occupied suppression of rebellious forces in syria, agreed cede jerusalem franks, along narrow corridor coast.

in addition, frederick received nazareth, sidon, jaffa, , bethlehem. other lordships may have been returned christian control, sources disagree. was, however, treaty of compromise. muslims retained control on temple mount area of jerusalem, al-aqsa mosque, , dome of rock. transjordan castles stayed in ayyubid hands, , arab sources suggest frederick not permitted restore jerusalem s fortifications, although crusaders did in fact restore jerusalem s defensive walls. treaty, completed on 18 february 1229, safeguarded 10-year truce.

one of results of treaty jews once more prohibited living in jerusalem.

the agreement known treaty of jaffa , tell ajul include agreement signed different ayyubid rulers @ tell ajul near gaza, of which, al-kamil s perspective, treaty frederick extension. agreement should not confused 1192 treaty of jaffa between saladin , richard lionheart.

in jerusalem

frederick entered jerusalem on 17 march 1229, , attended crown-wearing ceremony following day. unknown whether intended interpreted official coronation king of jerusalem; in case absence of patriarch, gerald, rendered questionable. there evidence suggest crown frederick wore imperial one, in case proclaiming lordship on jerusalem provocative act. legally, regent son conrad ii of jerusalem, child of yolande , grandson of maria of montferrat , john of brienne, had been born shortly before frederick left in 1228.