Genera List of palms native to the Caribbean

1 genera

1.1 acoelorrhaphe
1.2 acrocomia
1.3 aiphanes
1.4 astrocaryum
1.5 attalea
1.6 bactris
1.7 calyptronoma
1.8 coccothrinax
1.9 colpothrinax
1.10 copernicia
1.11 desmoncus
1.12 euterpe
1.13 gaussia
1.14 geonoma
1.15 hemithrinax
1.16 leucothrinax
1.17 manicaria
1.18 mauritia
1.19 oenocarpus
1.20 prestoea
1.21 pseudophoenix
1.22 reinhardtia
1.23 roystonea
1.24 sabal
1.25 syagrus
1.26 thrinax
1.27 zombia

genera

nomenclature follows arecaceae section of world checklist of selected plant families.

acoelorrhaphe

acoelorrhaphe wrightii

acoelorrhaphe monotypic genus distributed around margins of caribbean sea, florida san andrés , providencia, colombian islands in western caribbean. tree slender fan palm growing 7 metres (23 ft) tall, many stems clustered together. acoelorrhaphe sister genus serenoa (saw palmetto), endemic southeastern united states. species grows in low-lying areas near sea level, in flooded woodlands or thickets in savannas.

acoelorrhaphe wrightii: bahamas (andros, eleuthera, new providence), cuba (west cuba , isle of youth), san andrés , providencia (colombia); present on caribbean coastal areas of south florida, mexico, belize, nicaragua , costa rica.

acrocomia

acrocomia genus of spiny palms found throughout neotropics, mexico argentina , throughout caribbean. since covers such large range , highly variable, many 40 species have been described in genus. authors recognise 3 species, a. aculeata, a. crispa , a. hassleri, others considers a. media distinct a. aculeata. caribbean species have single, spiny stems 4–18 metres (13–59 ft) tall.

acrocomia aculeata: cuba, dominican republic, haiti, jamaica, leeward islands, windward islands , trinidad , tobago (also mexico, central , south america).
acrocomia crispa: cuba; until species considered belong monotypic genus, gastrococos.
acrocomia media: puerto rico , virgin islands.

aiphanes

aiphanes genus of small medium-sized spiny palms. caribbean species have solitary stems , 3 18 metres (10 59 ft) tall. of 23 species of aiphanes found in andes; 2 species occur in caribbean, including a. minima, endemic region. although many sources (e.g., henderson et al. 1995) consider name a. aculeata have precedence on a. horrida, in keeping nomenclature of world checklist, latter name used.

aiphanes horrida: trinidad (also tropical south america).
aiphanes minima: dominican republic, puerto rico, martinique, dominica, saint lucia, saint vincent, barbados , grenada.

astrocaryum

astrocaryum genus of spiny palms native mexico, trinidad, central , south america; sharp, flattened spines cover trunk can 30 cm (12 inches) long. caribbean species has solitary stems, 8 20 metres (26 66 ft) tall. there 36 species in genus. 1 of them, a. aculeatum, occurs in insular caribbean, while 4 others found in wider caribbean: astrocaryum alatum on caribbean coast panama nicaragua, a. confertum on caribbean coast of panama , costa rica, a. mexicanum along caribbean coast mexico nicaragua, , a. standleyanum on caribbean coast of panama.

astrocaryum aculeatum: trinidad (also tropical south america).

attalea

attalea large genus includes of largest neotropical palms. 3 of 67 species present in insular caribbean, 2 of these restricted trinidad , tobago on continental shelf. third species, a. crassispantha, endemic southwest haiti; due small population size, classified critically endangered species 3 other species occur in wider caribbean: attalea allenii along caribbean coast of panama , colombia, a. cohune on caribbean coast mexico nicaragua , a. iguadummat on caribbean coast of panama.

attalea crassispatha: southwest haiti.
attalea maripa: trinidad (also tropical south america).
attalea osmantha: trinidad , tobago (also northern venezuela).

bactris

bactris genus of palms found southern mexico northern paraguay. 1 of largest , diverse palm genera in neotropics. species medium-sized spiny palms clustered stems. of species present in caribbean spiny trees 1 10 metres (3 33 ft) tall clustered stems , pinnate leaves; b simplicifrons smaller (0.5–2 m) , has simple leaves , no spines.

seven of 75 species in genus bactris occur in insular caribbean. 3 species - b. cubensis, b. jamaicana , b. plumeriana greater antillean endemics, while other 4 south american species extend north trinidad , tobago. salzman , judd consider 3 greater antillean species of bactris form clade b. plumeriana , b. jamaicana sister species. fifteen other species occur in wider caribbean: bactris barronis on caribbean coast of panama , colombia, b. caudata on caribbean coast nicaragua panama, b. charnleyae on caribbean coast of panama, b. coloniata on caribbean coast of panama, b. coloradonis on caribbean coast costa rica colombia, b. gasipaes on caribbean coast mexico venezuela, b. glandulosa on caribbean coast costa rica, colombia, b. gracilor on caribbean coast nicaragua, panama, b. grayumi on caribbean coast of nicaragua , costa rica, b. guineensis on caribbean coast of colombia , venezuela, b. hondurensis along caribbean coast honduras colombia, b. maraja along caribbean coast costa rica colombia, b. mexicana along caribbean coast belize nicaragua, b. militaris along caribbean coast of costa rica , b. panamensis along caribbean coast of panama.

bactris campestris: trinidad , tobago (also tropical south america).
bactris cubensis: eastern cuba.
bactris jamaicana: jamaica.
bactris major: trinidad , tobago (also mexico tropical south america).
bactris plumeriana: hispaniola.
bactris setulosa: trinidad , tobago (also venezuela, colombia, ecuador , peru).
bactris simplicifrons: trinidad , tobago (also tropical south america).

calyptronoma

palms in genus calyptronoma have pinnately compound leaves , large, solitary stems 4 15 metres (13 49 ft) tall. genus endemic greater antilles, inhabiting wet areas near streams. calyptronoma closely related central american genus calyptrogyne.

calyptronoma occidentalis: jamaica.
calyptronoma plumeriana: cuba , hispaniola.
calyptronoma rivalis: hispaniola , puerto rico.

coccothrinax

coccothrinax crinita

coccothrinax genus of fan palms found throughout caribbean , in adjacent parts of southern florida , mexico. species small medium-sized, maximum heights between 5 , 15 metres (17 , 49 ft). 1 of 53 species, c. readii, absent insular caribbean. 2 species, c. argentata , c. barbadensis, widespread, while of others restricted cuba , hispaniola.

coccothrinax acunana: pico turquino, cuba.
coccothrinax alexandri: east cuba.
coccothrinax alta: puerto rico , virgin islands.
coccothrinax argentata: bahamas, florida keys , san andrés island (also south florida , southeast mexico).
coccothrinax argentea: haiti , dominican republic.
coccothrinax baracoensis: southeast cuba.
coccothrinax barbadensis: leeward islands, windward islands, netherlands antilles , trinidad , tobago.
coccothrinax bermudezii: southeast cuba.
coccothrinax borhidiana: matanzas province, cuba.


colpothrinax

colpothrinax genus of solitary-stemmed pinnate-leaved palms native central america , caribbean. there 3 species of colpothrinax: c. aphanopetala , c. cookii restricted central america, , c. wrightii cuban endemic.

colpothrinax wrightii: southwest cuba including isle of youth.

copernicia

copernicia glabrescens

copernicia moderately large genus of spiny, fan palms found in caribbean , south america. caribbean species greater antillean endemics; 2 species restricted hispaniola, while others restricted cuba. 3 species absent insular caribbean: c. alba , c. prunifera, found in south america away caribbean, , c. tectorum found in northern venezuela , along caribbean coast of colombia.

copernicia baileyana: east , central cuba.
copernicia berteroana: haiti , dominican republic.


desmoncus

desmoncus genus of spiny, scrambling, pinnate-leaved palms range mexico in north bolivia , brazil in south. ten of twelve species in have solely continental distributions. 2 species found on both mainland , in insular caribbean.

desmoncus orthacanthos: trinidad , tobago (also tropical south america).
desmoncus polyacanthos: saint vincent , grenadines , trinidad , tobago (also tropical south america).

euterpe

euterpe oleracea

euterpe consists of 7 slender-stemmed, pinnate-leaved palms native caribbean, central , south america. genus has been described containing beautiful american palms . 4 of 7 species restricted south america away caribbean, 2 found in central , south america , insular caribbean, , e. broadwayi endemic eastern caribbean.

euterpe broadwayi: dominica, grenada, saint vincent , grenadines , trinidad , tobago.
euterpe oleracea: trinidad , tobago (also tropical south america).
euterpe precatoria: trinidad , tobago (also central , south america).

gaussia

gaussia genus of solitary, pinnate palms found in caribbean, northern central america , southern mexico. there 5 species in genus - 3 endemic greater antilles, while g. gomez-pompae , g. maya found in caribbean coastal region of mexico, belize , guatemala.

gaussia attenuata: dominican republic , puerto rico.
gaussia princeps: western cuba.
gaussia spirituana: sierra de jatibonico in east-central cuba.

geonoma

geonoma genus of small medium-sized palms grow in forest understorey. genus 1 of largest in neotropics. genus consists of 64 species, 2 of found in insular caribbean. ten other species found in wider caribbean: g. chococola, g. concinna, g. divisia , g. triandra found on caribbean coast of panama, g. congesta found along caribbean coast honduras colombia, g. cuneata found along caribbean coast nicaragua colombia, g. deversa found along caribbean coast belize colombia, g. epetiolaris , g. longevaginata found along caribbean coast costa rica panama , g. triandra found along caribbean coast of panama , colombia.

geonoma interrupta: haiti, windward islands , trinidad , tobago (also mexico, central , south america).
geonoma undata: windward islands (also mexico, central america , western tropical south america).

hemithrinax

hemithrinax genus of fan palms endemic cuba. many authors include these species in genus thrinax.

hemithrinax compacta: cuba.
hemithrinax rivularis: cuba.

leucothrinax

leucothrinax monotypic genus of fan palms native northern caribbean. species split genus thrinax after phylogenetic studies showed inclusion in thrinax render genus paraphyletic.

leucothrinax morrisii: florida keys, bahamas, cuba, haiti, puerto rico, navassa island , leeward islands.

manicaria

manicaria monotypic genus of pinnate-leaved palms. sole species, m. saccifera found belize brazil , peru. distribution patchy, more common in coastal regions.

manicaria saccifera: trinidad , tobago (also tropical central , south america).

mauritia

mauritia flexuosa

mauritia genus of fan palms native northern south america. 1 species has wide distribution extends insular caribbean, while other m. carana restricted amazon region.

mauritia flexuosa: trinidad (also tropical south america).

oenocarpus

oenocarpus genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in central , south america. oenocarpus bataua found in trinidad , along caribbean coast of venezuela, while o. mapora found on caribbean coast of venezuela , panama.

oenocarpus bataua: trinidad (also tropical panama , south america).

prestoea

prestoea genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in central , south america , caribbean. closely related genus euterpe. 2 species found in caribbean - p. pubigera found in trinidad, , p. acuminata found throughout of caribbean. 4 other species, p. decurrens, p. ensiformis, p. longipetiolata , p. pubens found along caribbean coast of central america.

prestoea acuminata: cuba, dominican republic, haiti, puerto rico, leeward islands, windward islands , trinidad , tobago (also central , south america).
prestoea pubigera: trinidad (also northwest venezuela).

pseudophoenix

pseudophoenix sargentii

pseudophoenix genus of pinnate-leaved palms found throughout caribbean. 3 species endemic greater antilles, while fourth, p. sargentii, distributed in northern caribbean , adjacent portions of central , north american mainland.

pseudophoenix ekmanii: dominican republic.
pseudophoenix lediniana: southwest haiti.
pseudophoenix sargentii: bahamas, cuba, dominican republic, haiti, florida keys, puerto rico, navassa island, turks , caicos islands , windward islands (also mexico , belize).
pseudophoenix vinifera: haiti , southwest dominican republic.

reinhardtia

reinhardtia genus of simple or palmate-leaved palms found in wider caribbean, between mexico , colombia, single disjunct species endemic hispaniola. species small (1 6 metres [3 20  ft] tall) , inhabit forest understorey.

reinhardtia paiewonskiana: southwest dominican republic.

roystonea

roystonea regia

roystonea genus of pinnate-leaved palms range south florida , mexico south venezuela. 7 species endemic greater antilles , virgin islands - 4 of these cuban endemics. species absent insular caribbean, r. dunlapiana, found on caribbean coast of mexico, honduras , nicaragua.

roystonea altissima: jamaica.
roystonea borinquena: dominican republic, haiti, puerto rico , virgin islands.
roystonea lenis: east cuba.
roystonea maisiana: east cuba.
roystonea oleracea: leeward islands, windward islands , trinidad , tobago (also venezuela , colombia).
roystonea princeps: southwest jamaica.
roystonea regia: bahamas, cayman islands , cuba (also florida, mexico , central america).
roystonea stellata: east cuba.
roystonea violacea: east cuba.

sabal

sabal palmetto

sabal genus of fan palms. 6 of sixteen species native insular caribbean - 3 of endemic greater antilles , virgin islands. seventh species, s. bermudana, endemic bermuda. sabal etonia , s. miamiensis found along atlantic coast of florida, s. gretheriae found on caribbean coast of yucatan, s. mexicana found along caribbean coast of mexico south texas, s. minor found along gulf coast of united states.

sabal causiarum: haiti, dominican republic, puerto rico , virgin islands.
sabal domingensis: cuba, haiti , dominican republic.
sabal maritima: cuba , jamaica.
sabal mauritiiformis: trinidad (also mexico venezuela).
sabal palmetto: bahamas , cuba (also southeast united states).
sabal yapa: western cuba (also mexico , belize).

syagrus

syagrus genus of south american palms. thirty of thirty-one species south american; other, s. amara, endemic lesser antilles. 1 species, s. orinocensis found on caribbean coast of venezuela.

syagrus amara: montserrat, guadeloupe, dominica, martinique , saint lucia; coastal areas below 300 m.

thrinax

thrinax radiata

thrinax genus of fan palms. 3 of 4 species of endemic insular caribbean, while fourth occurs in insular caribbean , in florida, mexico , central america. 3 species single-island endemics - 2 jamaica , 1 cuba.

thrinax ekmaniana: cuba.
thrinax excelsa: jamaica.
thrinax parviflora: jamaica.
thrinax radiata: bahamas, cayman islands, cuba, jamaica, haiti, dominican republic , navassa island (also florida, mexico , central america).

zombia

zombia monotypic genus of fan palms endemic hispaniola. individuals 3 m (10 ft) tall , grow in dry, hilly regions. restricted serpentine soils, @ least in dominican republic.

zombia antillarum: dominican republic , haiti.




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^ bactris cubensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ bactris jamaicana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ bactris major . ; bactris major var. major . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ bactris plumeriana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ bactris setulosa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ bactris simplicifrons . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ calyptronoma occidentalis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ calyptronoma plumeriana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ calyptronoma rivalis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax readii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2007-01-11. 
^ coccothrinax acunana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax alexandri . ; coccothrinax alexandri subsp. alexandri . ; coccothrinax alexandri subsp. nitida . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax alta . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax argentata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ wunderlin, richard p.; bruce f. hansen (2003). guide vascular plants of florida (second ed.). gainesville: university press of florida. isbn 0-8130-2632-6. 
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^ coccothrinax baracoensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax barbadensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax bermudezii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax borhidiana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax boschiana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax camagueyana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax clarensis . ; coccothrinax clarensis subsp. brevifolia . ; coccothrinax clarensis subsp. clarensis . ; coccothrinax clarensis subsp. perrigida . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax concolor . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax crinita . ; coccothrinax crinita subsp. brevicrinis . ; coccothrinax crinita subsp. crinita . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax cupularis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax ekmanii] . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax elegans . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax fagildei . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax fragrans . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax garciana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax gracilis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax guantanamensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax gundlachii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax hioramii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax inaguensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax jamaicensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax leonis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax litoralis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax macroglossa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax microphylla . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax miraguama .  coccothrinax miraguama subsp. arenicola .  coccothrinax miraguama subsp. havanensis .  coccothrinax miraguama subsp. miraguama .  coccothrinax miraguama subsp. roseocarpa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax moaensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax montana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax munizii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax muricata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax nipensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax orientalis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax pauciramosa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax proctorii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax pseudorigida . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax pumila . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax rigida . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax salvatoris .  coccothrinax salvatoris subsp. loricata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax savannarum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2007-11-12. 
^ coccothrinax saxicola . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax scoparia . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax spissa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
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^ coccothrinax trinitensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax victorini . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax yunquensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ coccothrinax yuraguana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ colpothrinax aphanopetala . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2007-01-11. 
^ colpothrinax cookii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2007-01-11. 
^ colpothrinax wrightii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia alba . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-01-12. 
^ copernicia prunifera . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-01-12. 
^ copernicia tectorum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-01-12. 
^ copernicia baileyana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia berteroana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia brittonorum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × burretiana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia cowellii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia curbeloi . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia curtissii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia ekmanii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × escarzana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia fallaensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia gigas . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia glabrescens .  copernicia glabrescens var. glabrescens .  copernicia glabrescens var. ramosissima . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia hospita . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia humicola . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia longiglossa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia macroglossa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia molineti . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × occidentalis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia rigida . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia roigii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × shaferi . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × sueroana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × textilis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia × vespertilionum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ copernicia yarey . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ desmoncus orthacanthos . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ desmoncus polyacanthos .  desmoncus polyacanthos var. polyacanthos . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ henderson, andrew; gloria galeano (december 1996). euterpe, prestoea, , neonicholsonia (palmae) . flora neotropica. 72. 
^ euterpe broadwayi . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ euterpe oleracea . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ euterpe precatoria .  euterpe precatoria var. precatoria . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ gaussia attenuata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ gaussia princeps . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ gaussia spirituana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ geonoma interrupta .  geonoma interrupta var. interrupta . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ geonoma undata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ hemithrinax compacta . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ hemithrinax rivularis .  hemithrinax rivularis var. rivularis .  hemithrinax rivularis var. savannarum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ lewis, carl e.; scott zona (2008). leucothrinax morrisii, new name familiar caribbean palm . palms. 52 (2): 84–88. 
^ leucothrinax morrisii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2009-03-24. 
^ zanoni, thomas a.; william r. buck (1999). navassa island , flora. 2. checklist of vascular plants . brittonia. new york botanical garden press. 51 (4): 389–394. doi:10.2307/2666520. jstor 2666520. 
^ manicaria saccifera . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ mauritia flexuosa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ oenocarpus bataua .  oenocarpus bataua var. oligocarpus . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ prestoea acuminata .  prestoea acuminata var. montana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ prestoea pubigera . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ pseudophoenix ekmanii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ pseudophoenix lediniana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ pseudophoenix sargentii . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ pseudophoenix vinifera . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ reinhardtia paiewonskiana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ zona, scott (december 1996). roystonea (arecaceae: arecoideae) . flora neotropica. 71. 
^ roystonea altissima . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea borinquena . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea lenis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea maisiana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea oleracea . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea princeps . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea regia . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea stellata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ roystonea violacea . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ sabal causiarum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ sabal domingensis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ sabal maritima . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ sabal mauritiiformis . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ sabal palmetto . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ sabal yapa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ syagrus amara . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ thrinax ekmaniana . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ thrinax excelsa . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ thrinax parviflora .  thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora .  thrinax parviflora subsp. puberula . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ thrinax radiata . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08. 
^ taylor, fabienne boncy; joel c. timyan (2004). notes on zombia antillarum . economic botany. 58 (2): 173–183. doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0179:noep]2.0.co;2. issn 0013-0001. 
^ zombia antillarum . world checklist of selected plant families. retrieved 2006-12-08.