Advance and retreat Franz Josef Glacier

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an aerial view down glacier.



historic variations of terminus position of franz josef glacier , associated events.


franz josef glacier 12 km (7.5 mi) long , terminates 19 km (12 mi) tasman sea. fed 20-square-kilometre (7.7 sq mi) large snowfield @ high altitude, exhibits cyclic pattern of advance , retreat, driven differences between volume of meltwater @ foot of glacier , volume of snowfall feeding névé. franz josef glacier had periods of advances 1946 1951 (340 m), 1965–1967 (400 m), 1983–1999 (1420 m) , 2004–2008 (280 m). glacier advanced rapidly during little ice age, reaching maximum in eighteenth century. having retreated several kilometres between 1940s , 1980s, glacier entered advancing phase in 1984 , @ times has advanced @ phenomenal (by glacial standards) rate of 70 cm day. flow rate 10 times of typical glaciers. on longer term, glacier has retreated since last ice age, , believed extended sea 10,000 15,000 years ago.


this cyclic behaviour illustrated postage stamp issued in 1946, depicting view st james anglican church. church built in 1931, panoramic altar window take advantage of location. 1954, glacier had disappeared view church, reappeared in 1997. due highly variable conditions on snowfield, take around 5–6 years before result in changes in terminus location.


the glacier still advancing until 2008, since has entered rapid phase of retreat. case other new zealand glaciers found on eastern side of southern alps, shrinking process attributed global warming.


there have been incidents of jökulhlaups (outbreak floods water-filled ice tunnels) @ glacier, 1 destroying bridge on access route in 1989.


based on past variations, scientists expect franz josef glacier retreat 5 km , lose 38% of mass 2100 in mid-range scenario of warming.








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