Prince of Bulgaria Ferdinand I of Bulgaria

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the 9 sovereigns @ windsor funeral of king edward vii, photographed on 20 may 1910. standing, left right: king haakon vii of norway, tsar ferdinand of bulgarians, king manuel ii of portugal , algarve, kaiser wilhelm ii of germany , prussia, king george of hellenes , king albert of belgians. seated, left right: king alfonso xiii of spain, king george v of united kingdom , king frederick viii of denmark.


the first prince of third bulgarian state, alexander of battenberg, abdicated in 1886 after pro-russian coup, 7 years after had been elected. ferdinand, officer in austro-hungarian army elected prince of autonomous bulgaria grand national assembly on 7 july 1887 in gregorian calendar (the new style used hereinafter). in desperate attempts prevent russian occupation of bulgaria, throne had been offered, before ferdinand s acceptance, princes denmark caucasus , king of romania. russian tsar himself had nominated aide, nichols dadian of mingrelia, candidacy rejected bulgarians. ferdinand s accession greeted disbelief in many of royal houses of europe. queen victoria, father s first cousin, stated prime minister, totally unfit ... delicate, eccentric , effeminate ... should stopped @ once. amazement of initial detractors, ferdinand made success during first 2 decades of reign.


bulgaria s domestic political life dominated during years of ferdinand s reign liberal party leader stefan stambolov, foreign policy saw marked cooling in relations russia, formerly seen bulgaria s protector.


stambolov s fall (may 1894) , subsequent assassination (july 1895) paved way reconciliation of bulgaria russia, effected in february 1896 conversion of infant prince boris roman catholicism eastern orthodox christianity. however, move earned him animosity of catholic austrian relatives, particularly of uncle, emperor franz joseph of austria.








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